The origin and development of Tuina massage
Tuina, also known as Anyao and Anwu in ancient times, is a technique gradually summarized, understood and developed by the working people of my country in their long struggle against diseases. In primitive society, primitive people must have suffered some trauma and pain during production or fighting with wild beasts. They naturally used their hands to touch and massage, and gradually achieved results. Humans instinctively repeated some touching and kneading techniques that can cure diseases. Over time, these techniques have been developed and accumulated. About thousands of years ago, our ancestors laid the foundation for massage and gradually formed the discipline of massage in my country. It can be found from the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the Shang Dynasty Yin Ruins that there were written records of "massage" as early as the 14th century BC.
In the ancient Chinese document "Historical Records". "Bian Que Cang Gong Biography" said: "In ancient times, there was a doctor named Yu Fu, who treated diseases not with decoctions, but with wine, Qiao Yin, An Wu, Du Wan and other methods. "Qi Mo", "An Wu" and "Qiao Yin" in these records all refer to massage.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and before, "Zhuangzi", "Laozi", "Xunzi" and "Mozi" also mentioned the methods of exercise and self-massage. The medical case of Bian Que curing the corpse of Prince Guo recorded in "Zhou Li Shu" not only illustrates the peculiar effect of this comprehensive treatment, but also illustrates the important role of massage in clinical application.
During the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms period, "Huangdi Neijing" not only recorded the origin of massage, but also pointed out the role and application of massage. "Suwen. Blood Qi Xingzhi Pian" said: "Shape number is frightened, meridians are blocked, and diseases are caused by insensitivity, which can be treated with massage and wine. "It points out that if the meridians and blood are blocked, a certain part of the human body will suffer from disease. In treatment, massage can be used to dredge the meridians and blood to achieve the therapeutic effect. During this period, my country's first massage monograph "Emperor Qibo Massage Ten Volumes" appeared.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Taoist and Buddhist academic thoughts were greatly influenced. The massage techniques were derived into six methods: rubbing, shaking, wrapping, twisting, rolling, and kneading.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of massage. The Sui Dynasty's "Baiguanzhi" recorded that "the Imperial Hospital had two chief pharmacists, ... two massage doctors", and set up a massage specialty from an administrative perspective and granted certain positions. "Tang. Liudian" said: "The Imperial Medical Bureau had 56 massage workers and 115 massage students. "This not only divided the levels of masseurs, but also included massage in the scope of medical education. During the Tianbao period, massage was introduced to Japan, Korea, India and other countries.
During the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, massage was widely used as a medical skill. The characteristic of the development of massage during this period was the focus on the discussion of massage indications and application methods.
The Ming Dynasty was the second prosperous period of massage. The Ming Dynasty not only set up massage specialties, but also accumulated rich experience in the application of massage in pediatric diseases, forming a unique system of pediatric massage.
In the Qing Dynasty, massage was formed again. A new branch of bone-setting massage has emerged. The official compilation of "Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition. Essentials of Bone-setting" includes massage in the eight methods of bone-setting, and proposes that the techniques of bone-setting include "touch, connect, hold, lift, push, hold, press, and rub". There are many works on massage in the Qing Dynasty, such as "Easy to Know About Massage", "Illustrated Explanation of Massage", "Direct Record of Pediatric Massage", "Essentials of Correcting Massage", etc. These works not only accumulated clinical experience in massage, but also made great progress in theory, and also made a relatively systematic and comprehensive explanation of the treatment principles and indications of massage.
During the Republic of China Due to the impact and influence of Western culture, the government discriminated against traditional Chinese medicine, and frequent wars caused massage to fall to the lowest point in the history of massage. However, some famous doctors and massage masterpieces also emerged. The female traditional Chinese medicine doctor Ma Yushu wrote the book "Shortcuts to Massage", which used the form of songs to compile difficult massage techniques; Cao Zepu's "Practical Guide to Massage" focused on anatomical knowledge and the role of mechanical force; Yang Huating's "Hua's Massage" combined ancient secrets with modern Western physiology, pathology, anatomy, and electromagnetism.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the massage art, which had been sinking, was revived and flourished. During the ten years of turmoil, the massage industry was extremely damaged, the only massage school in the country was closed, the professional team was severely damaged, and all academic activities were stopped. After the reform and opening up, the massage industry has developed greatly, and the scope of massage covers difficult and complicated diseases such as heart, cerebrovascular, nerve, and endocrine. On the basis of traditional massage techniques, spinal massage therapy and massage anesthesia have been developed and applied in clinical practice. Since the 1970s, many massage devices have been invented. Since there was little academic exchange between my country and the international community in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the foreign massage industry has only developed rapidly in the past 30 years. Now the whole world is paying attention to this ancient yet young discipline, and many foreigners and scholars have come to China to learn from it. I believe that in the near future, massage with strong Chinese characteristics will be rapidly promoted and developed around the world.
In the ancient Chinese document "Historical Records". "Bian Que Cang Gong Biography" said: "In ancient times, there was a doctor named Yu Fu, who treated diseases not with decoctions, but with wine, Qiao Yin, An Wu, Du Wan and other methods. "Qi Mo", "An Wu" and "Qiao Yin" in these records all refer to massage.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and before, "Zhuangzi", "Laozi", "Xunzi" and "Mozi" also mentioned the methods of exercise and self-massage. The medical case of Bian Que curing the corpse of Prince Guo recorded in "Zhou Li Shu" not only illustrates the peculiar effect of this comprehensive treatment, but also illustrates the important role of massage in clinical application.
During the Qin, Han and Three Kingdoms period, "Huangdi Neijing" not only recorded the origin of massage, but also pointed out the role and application of massage. "Suwen. Blood Qi Xingzhi Pian" said: "Shape number is frightened, meridians are blocked, and diseases are caused by insensitivity, which can be treated with massage and wine. "It points out that if the meridians and blood are blocked, a certain part of the human body will suffer from disease. In treatment, massage can be used to dredge the meridians and blood to achieve the therapeutic effect. During this period, my country's first massage monograph "Emperor Qibo Massage Ten Volumes" appeared.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Taoist and Buddhist academic thoughts were greatly influenced. The massage techniques were derived into six methods: rubbing, shaking, wrapping, twisting, rolling, and kneading.
The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of massage. The Sui Dynasty's "Baiguanzhi" recorded that "the Imperial Hospital had two chief pharmacists, ... two massage doctors", and set up a massage specialty from an administrative perspective and granted certain positions. "Tang. Liudian" said: "The Imperial Medical Bureau had 56 massage workers and 115 massage students. "This not only divided the levels of masseurs, but also included massage in the scope of medical education. During the Tianbao period, massage was introduced to Japan, Korea, India and other countries.
During the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties, massage was widely used as a medical skill. The characteristic of the development of massage during this period was the focus on the discussion of massage indications and application methods.
The Ming Dynasty was the second prosperous period of massage. The Ming Dynasty not only set up massage specialties, but also accumulated rich experience in the application of massage in pediatric diseases, forming a unique system of pediatric massage.
In the Qing Dynasty, massage was formed again. A new branch of bone-setting massage has emerged. The official compilation of "Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition. Essentials of Bone-setting" includes massage in the eight methods of bone-setting, and proposes that the techniques of bone-setting include "touch, connect, hold, lift, push, hold, press, and rub". There are many works on massage in the Qing Dynasty, such as "Easy to Know About Massage", "Illustrated Explanation of Massage", "Direct Record of Pediatric Massage", "Essentials of Correcting Massage", etc. These works not only accumulated clinical experience in massage, but also made great progress in theory, and also made a relatively systematic and comprehensive explanation of the treatment principles and indications of massage.
During the Republic of China Due to the impact and influence of Western culture, the government discriminated against traditional Chinese medicine, and frequent wars caused massage to fall to the lowest point in the history of massage. However, some famous doctors and massage masterpieces also emerged. The female traditional Chinese medicine doctor Ma Yushu wrote the book "Shortcuts to Massage", which used the form of songs to compile difficult massage techniques; Cao Zepu's "Practical Guide to Massage" focused on anatomical knowledge and the role of mechanical force; Yang Huating's "Hua's Massage" combined ancient secrets with modern Western physiology, pathology, anatomy, and electromagnetism.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the massage art, which had been sinking, was revived and flourished. During the ten years of turmoil, the massage industry was extremely damaged, the only massage school in the country was closed, the professional team was severely damaged, and all academic activities were stopped. After the reform and opening up, the massage industry has developed greatly, and the scope of massage covers difficult and complicated diseases such as heart, cerebrovascular, nerve, and endocrine. On the basis of traditional massage techniques, spinal massage therapy and massage anesthesia have been developed and applied in clinical practice. Since the 1970s, many massage devices have been invented. Since there was little academic exchange between my country and the international community in the early years of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the foreign massage industry has only developed rapidly in the past 30 years. Now the whole world is paying attention to this ancient yet young discipline, and many foreigners and scholars have come to China to learn from it. I believe that in the near future, massage with strong Chinese characteristics will be rapidly promoted and developed around the world.